解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Estimates of the numbers and rates of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) hospitalization are central to understanding health-care utilization and efforts to improve patient care. We comprehensively estimated the frequency, rate, and trends of ADHF hospitalization in the United States. Based on Atherosclerosis Ri...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv455
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent trial showed that universal decolonization in adult intensive care units (ICUs) resulted in greater reductions in all bloodstream infections and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than either targeted decolonization or screening and isolation. Since regional health-care fa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww008
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic epidemiology represents a hybrid of epidemiologic designs and statistical models that explicitly consider both genetic and environmental risk factors for disease. It is a relatively new field in public health; the term was first coined only 35 years ago. In this short time, the field has been through a major e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww001
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leads to alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis and function that might produce a decrease in mtDNA content within cells. This implies that mtDNA content might be a potential biomarker associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, data on correlates of...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv175
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic information encoded in covalent modifications of DNA and histone proteins regulates fundamental biological processes through the action of chromatin regulators, transcription factors, and noncoding RNA species. Epigenetic plasticity enables an organism to respond to developmental and environmental signals w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv187
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although type 2 diabetes (T2D) predicts glaucoma, the potential for unmeasured confounding has hampered causal conclusions. We performed separate sample genetic instrumental variable analyses using the Genetic Epidemiology Research Study on Adult Health and Aging cohort (n = 69,685; 1995-2013) to estimate effects of T...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv204
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity and smoking are independently associated with a higher mortality risk, but previous studies have reported conflicting results about the relationship between these 2 time-varying exposures. Using prospective longitudinal data (1987-2007) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, our objective in the p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv168
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::How can the "strengths" of risk factors, in the sense of how well they discriminate cases from controls, be compared when they are measured on different scales such as continuous, binary, and integer? Given that risk estimates take into account other fitted and design-related factors-and that is how risk gradients are...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv193
更新日期:2015-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::We examined claims-based approaches for identifying a study population free of coronary heart disease (CHD) using data from 8,937 US blacks and whites enrolled during 2003-2007 in a prospective cohort study linked to Medicare claims. Our goal was to minimize the percentage of persons at study entry with self-reported ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv116
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis genotyping data are frequently used to estimate the proportion of tuberculosis cases in a population that are attributable to recent transmission (RT). Multiple factors influence genotype-based estimates of RT and limit the comparison of estimates over time and across geographic units. Additionally, metho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv121
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study's objective was to investigate healthy aging in older French adults 5 years after a period of daily nutritional-dose supplementation with antioxidant nutrients. The study was based on the double-blind, randomized trial, Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.VI.MAX) Study (1994-2002) and...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv105
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In randomized controlled trials, the intention-to-treat estimator provides an unbiased estimate of the causal effect of treatment assignment on the outcome. However, patients often want to know what the effect would be if they were to take the treatment as prescribed (the patient-oriented effect), and several research...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv065
更新日期:2015-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The proportion of parents aged ≥35 years at the birth of their child continues to increase, but long-term health consequences for these children are not fully understood. A recent prospective study of 110,999 adult women showed an association between paternal-but not maternal-age at birth and sporadic hematological ca...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu487
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The survival duration for pancreatic cancer is short. Given its low lifetime risk (1.5%), established factors for the disease have insufficient specificity to identify individuals at high risk of nonfamilial cancer, and prediagnostic signs and symptoms are vague and not limited to pancreatic causes. We considered whet...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv026
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have provided evidence of an inverse association between atopic allergic conditions (AACs) and invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in predominantly white populations. We examined the association between AACs (asthma, hay fever, or allergy) and CRC among white, African-American, Native Hawa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu361
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hearing impairment (HI) is prevalent, is modifiable, and has been associated with cognitive decline. We tested the hypothesis that audiometric HI measured in 2013 is associated with poorer cognitive function in 253 men and women from Washington County, Maryland (mean age = 76.9 years) in a pilot study carried out with...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu333
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cumulative incidence has been widely used to estimate the cumulative probability of developing an event of interest by a given time, in the presence of competing risks. When it is of interest to measure the total burden of recurrent events in a population, however, the cumulative incidence method is not appropriate be...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu289
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutritional conditions in early life may affect adult health, but prior studies of mortality have been limited to small samples. We evaluated the relationship between pre-/perinatal famine exposure during the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945 and mortality through age 63 years among 41,096 men born in 1944-1947 and exa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu288
更新日期:2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiologist primarily studies transitions between states of health and disease. The purpose of the present article is to define a foundational parameter for such studies, namely risk. We begin simply and build to the setting in which there is more than 1 event type (i.e., competing risks or competing events), a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv001
更新日期:2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combin...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu122
更新日期:2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relative weights of empirical facts (data) and assumptions (theory) in causal inference vary across disciplines. Typically, disciplines that ask more complex questions tend to better tolerate a greater role of theory and modeling in causal inference. As epidemiologists move toward increasingly complex questions, M...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu272
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and all-cause mortality in older adults, we examined these associations using data from the Leisure World Cohort Study, a prospective study of residents of the Leisure World retirement community in Laguna Hills, California. In the early 1980s, participants ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu294
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::There is expanding consensus on the need to modernize the training of cancer epidemiologists to accommodate rapidly emerging technological advancements and the digital age, which are transforming the practice of cancer epidemiology. There is also a growing imperative to extend cancer epidemiology research that is etio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu256
更新日期:2014-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Medical devices play a vital role in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and are an integral part of the health-care system. Many devices, including implantable medical devices, enter the market through a regulatory pathway that was not designed to assure safety and effectiveness. Several recent studies and ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu206
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal renal function is essential for vitamin D metabolism, but it is unclear whether circulating vitamin D is associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We assessed whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) was associated with risk of RCC and death after RCC diagnosis in the European Prospective Investigation...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu204
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Early detection of subjects at high risk of developing dementia is essential. By dealing with censoring and competing risk of death, we developed a score for predicting 10-year dementia risk by combining cognitive tests, and we assessed whether inclusion of cognitive change over the previous year increased its discrim...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu202
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although investigators have assessed the relationship between self-reported cigarette smoking and biomarker levels, the validity of self-reported information on smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is uncertain. We used aggregated data from the 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010 administrations of the National Heal...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu182
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite growing interest and concern about men's mental health during the perinatal period, we still do not know whether men are more vulnerable to mental health problems during this time. The current study is one of the first to use longitudinal, population-based data to investigate whether becoming an expectant and/...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu177
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Large health care databases are used extensively for pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Unique methodological issues arise when applying self-controlled designs (i.e., using within-person comparisons) for active surveillance of newly marketed drugs. We use 3 examples to illustrate bias related to population-level exposure...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu162
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present analysis was to use longitudinal data collected over 7 years (from 4 surveys) in the Residential Environments (RESIDE) Study (Perth, Australia, 2003-2012) to more carefully examine the relationship of neighborhood walkability and destination accessibility with walking for transportation that...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu171
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant. Although experimental evidence suggests that TCDD alters thyroid hormone levels in rodents, human data are inconsistent. In 1976, a trichlorophenol plant exploded in Seveso, Italy. Women living in highly exposed areas were followed t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu160
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined measurement properties of the Sedentary Time and Activity Reporting Questionnaire (STAR-Q), which was designed to estimate past-month activity energy expenditure (AEE). STAR-Q validity and reliability were assessed in 102 adults in Alberta, Canada (2009-2011), who completed 14-day doubly labeled water (D...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu150
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Bethesda, Maryland) have developed standard categories of body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) of less than 18.5 (underweight), 18.5-24.9 (normal weight), 25.0-29.9 (overweight), and 30.0 o...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu111
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Longitudinal observational data are required to assess the association between exposure to β-interferon medications and disease progression among relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in the "real-world" clinical practice setting. Marginal structural Cox models (MSCMs) can provide distinct advantages ov...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu125
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ozone is associated with adverse health; however, less is known about vulnerable/sensitive populations, which we refer to as sensitive populations. We systematically reviewed epidemiologic evidence (1988-2013) regarding sensitivity to mortality or hospital admission from short-term ozone exposure. We performed meta-an...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu115
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies of veterans have examined cardiovascular disease as the primary outcome, other than in relation to specific conflicts or hazards. To assess the long-term risk and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in United Kingdom veterans from a broad range of military backgrounds and experience, we conducte...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu082
更新日期:2014-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The continued elimination of measles requires accurate assessment of its epidemiology and a critical evaluation of how its incidence is changing with time. National surveillance of measles in the United States between 2001 and 2011 provides data on the number of measles introductions and the size of the resulting tran...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu068
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reasons for health disparities may include neighborhood-level factors, such as availability of health services, social norms, and environmental determinants, as well as individual-level factors. Investigating health inequalities using nationally or locally representative data often requires an approach that can accomm...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu040
更新日期:2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Prospective evidence of the associations of smoking cessation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other causes of death in Asia is scarce. Previous studies, which were mostly based on baseline smoking behavior only, were subject to sick-quitter bias and misclassification resulting from changes in smo...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu011
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mumps is a potentially severe viral infection. The incidence of mumps has declined dramatically in high-income countries since the introduction of mumps antigen-containing vaccines. However, recent large outbreaks of mumps in highly vaccinated populations suggest waning of vaccine-induced immunity and primary vaccine ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu014
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00